Table 1 Studies of AO-43C Tibial Pilon Fractures Treated with Primary Arthrodesis or Staged Treatment Using the AO/Orthopedic Trauma Association Classification System
From: Fusion versus fixation in complex comminuted C3-type tibial pilon fractures: a systematic review
Study | Treatment | Mean Time to Definitive Treatment (d) | Fxs(n) | AO/OTA 43 Fx Type (N) | Open Fxs (n) | Complications | Amp (n) | Mean ROM (°) | Secondary Fusion (n) | Mean Follow-up (mo) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1/C2 | C3 | MU/NU (n) | W/I/P (n) | PTOA(n)a | |||||||||
Beaman and Gellman [20] | Temporary ex fix followed by primary arthrodesis | 15 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 5 | 0 | 1 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | 24 |
Borens et al. [3] | 2-Staged, minimally invasive anterior approach | 11.3 | 17 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 30 | 1 | 17 |
Bozic et al. [8] | Temporary ex fix followed by primary arthrodesis | 140 | 15 | 0 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 1 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | 39 |
Grose et al. [28] | 2-Staged, lateral approach | NR | 43 | 8 | 27 | 18 | 4 | 9 | NR | 0 | 43 | 0 | 13.7 |
McCann et al. [29] | Primary ORIF or 2-staged | 13.6 | 48 | 29 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 5 | NR | NR | NR | 9.1 |
Morgan et al. [21] | Temporary ex fix followed by late primary arthrodesis | 280 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 0 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | 35 |
Sirkin et al.(15)b | 2-Staged, ex fix followed by ORIF (closed) | 12.7 | 22 | 14 | 42 | 22 | NR | 6 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | NR |
2-Staged, ex fix followed by ORIF (open) | 14 | 34 | 34 | NR | 4 | NR | 1 | NR | 1 | NR | |||
Zelle et al. [22] | Temporary ex fix followed by primary arthrodesis | 22 | 20 | 4 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 1 | NR | 0 | NR | 0 | 86 |
Guan et al. [25] | 2-staged | 19 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 0 | NR | NR | 28 | NR | 32 |
Chen et al. [24] | 3-staged (ex fix, ORIF posterior column, ORIF anterior/medial columns) | 12 | 25 | 0 | 25 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | NR | NR | 0 | 24.4 |
Wang et al. [26] | Temporary ex fix followed by ORIF (vacuum sealing drainage) | 14.3 | 16 | 6 | 10 | NR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | R | NR | 23.3 |
Leonetti et al. [27] | Ex fix vs. ORIF | NR | 71 | 9 | 14 | 20 | 13 | 9 | 14 | NR | NR | NR | 36 |
Beckwitt et al. [23] | Primary ORIF and primary arthrodesis | NR | 35 | 0 | 35 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 11 | NR | NR | 1 | 73.7 |
Total or weighted mean | 16.1 | 377 | 79 | 228 | 103 | 27 | 49 | 40 | 3 | 37.3 | 3 | 33.2 | |