Table 1 Reported cases of early parastomal evisceration
Case | Year of publication | First author | Demographic origin | Age | Gender | Stoma type | Indication | Date of the occurrence in the post-operative course | Patient-related Risk factors | Reported technical failure | Content of the evisceration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2021 | Basnayake [4] | Siri Lanka | 53 | Male | Open surgery Loop ileostomy | Obstructive right colic cancer | Day 7 | Asthma, malnutrition, disseminated malignancy in the peritoneal cavity | The disproportion between loop and stoma diameter | Ileal loop |
2 | 2020 | Mateæ [2] | Romania | 84 | Male | Open surgery Loop sigmoid colostomy | Obstructive rectal cancer | Day 3 | Advanced rectal cancer, Important bowel distension | Late stoma maturation | Ileum |
3 | 2019 | Kulkarni [5] | India | 50 | Female | Open surgery Loop sigmoid colostomy | Recto vaginal fistula | Day 9 | No identifiable risk factors | Not reported | Small intestine |
4 | 2019 | Kulkarni [5] | India | 45 | Male | Open surgery Loop sigmoid colostomy | Intra-operative rectal injury | Day 12 | Chronic cough | Failure of aponeurotic close | Transverse colon and omentum |
5 | 2017 | Arbra [6] | USA | 90 | Male | Open surgery End ileostomy | Ogilvie syndrome | Day 7 | Advanced age, mechanical ventilation | No technical failure was reported | Small intestine |
6 | 2016 | Salles [7] | Brazil | 82 | Male | Open surgery loop transverse colostomy | Obstructive Rectal cancer | Day 10 | Advanced age, mechanical ventilation, | The disproportion between colostomy and aponeurotic diameter | Ileum |
7 | 2016 | Ramly [8] | USA | 81 | Male | Open surgery End ileostomy | Complicated pseudomembranous colitis | Day 9 | Advanced age, malnutrition, systemic corticosteroids, COPD | Inadequate fascia and mucocutaneous fixation | Small intestine |
8 | 2014 | Azouz [9] | USA | 69 | Male | Open surgery End sigmoid colostomy | Necrotizing peri anal fasciitis | Day 3 | COPD | Failure to close the aponeurotic wall | Small intestine |
9 | 2011 | Salles [10] | Brazil | 62 | Male | Open surgery loop transverse colostomy | Rectal cancer | Day 4 | COPD, Mechanical ventilation | The disproportion between bowel and stoma diameter | Ileum and colon |
10 | 2008 | Fitzgerald [11] | UK | 65 | Male | Laparoscopic loop ileostomy | Rectal cancer | Day 10 | No Identifiable risk factors | Inadequate fascia and mucocutaneous fixation | Ileum |